Desperate Housewives and Its Portrayal

My interviewee, Karen, grew up in the Philippines and has recently just migrated to the United States. She is a 24-year old ESL teacher who admits to pondering over the meaning of life yearly when her birthday is nearing. She was then enthusiastic to sit down with me to answer my questions about the meaning of life. For Karen, life does have an ultimate purpose or significance. She cites as proof of this belief the fact that bookstores and libraries currently carry a lot of books that help people find the meaning to their lives. â€Å"There has got to be a purpose to our lives. Will authors of self-help and ‘find a purpose in life' books be raking in a lot of money if people do not think that their life amounts to something? And that's another thing, actually. People are always in search for a purpose in their lives. This clamor for life to actually mean something is, I think, the ultimate proof that people come packaged with significance in life,† Karen says Being Catholic, Karen admits to always thinking that her life is meant to have purpose. She explains, â€Å"I have always attended Catholic schools where â€Å"religion†, specifically Catholic faith, is a constant in our list of subjects. Since pre-school days, my teachers would always emphasize the fact that I am meant to serve God. They always tell me, my classmates, that we should live our lives according to God’s will.† Asked what God’s will is, she answers, â€Å"Exactly what it is, my teachers haven’t actually defined. They did tell me, though, that I need to always be good. I need to be kind to my fellow men. That everything I do should be in accordance to God’s law, which is of course comprised of what the Bible says, what the commandment says, etc. Basically, life’s purpose is to be good and do good so that I will be welcomed in heaven. And in way, I still believe that is the purpose in life. I cannot accept that I’ve been put here on Earth for nothing. Something better must be waiting for me at the end of the line.† Karen confesses that even though she’s been reared in the Catholic upbringing, there was a time when she felt like serving God was not really her purpose in life. She says that although she believed in the existence of a higher being, she defied the fact that all the laws and commandments she’s been following are all dictated by human beings like her. â€Å"Who can say that what the Catholic Church outlined is really the ultimate truth? And that what they’re teaching is not made to serve their own purpose? And that what they want is also what God wants? I got to think this way when I started taking Philosophy classes in the University. My teachers imparted in me the habit of not taking everything in stride, of questioning everything that is being handed out to me. I also had a class, advertising I think, where the teacher had a great influence on me. He taught us about self-actualization. He always insisted on us trying to make something for ourselves just because we want to be something and not because somebody told us to do. That was the point when I got to question what the Church told me: that everything I do is for His glory,† she quips. But a few years after her University life, Karen admits that she started to soul-search and she realized that ever since she put God out of her life, her life started to feel meaningless. She explains, â€Å"There was this hollow part of me that neither friends nor a high-paying and glamorous job just cannot fulfill. I started to have this feeling that everything I’m doing is for no special reason. When I started to pray and go to Church again, I suddenly felt whole. That’s when I realized what was missing.† Karen’s opinion regarding the meaning of life was highly-influenced by her faith. Though she came to a point when she asked about the things she has always believed in, she still made a turnaround and accepted what her faith has outlined for her.

The best place to eat

The Best Place to Eat When I came at this country I had the opportunity to taste different kinds of food from different country, and all of them are delicious. I tried Mexican food, Chinese food, Ethiopia food and Italian food. At the beginning I preferred to eat Mexican food because it is the same as my country. Then I went to different Italian restaurants, and I like this type food. However, in this country there are many Italian restaurant, my favorites Italian restaurants are Olive Garden and Uno Chicago pizzeria. Even thoughOliver Garden and Uno Chicago Pizzeria are both Italian restaurants, there are some differences between them. The first reason is how they are convenience. Oliver Garden is located in the suburban area, so you have to drive some miles from the city. In contrast, Uno Chicago Pizzeria is located in the city center, and you can take the metro or bus because the subway station is in front of the restaurant. Also, they have differences on their rules of parking. U no Chicago Pizzeria is locatable on the mall differ from Oliver Garden. For instances, In Oliver Garden you have to pay $10. per hour parking, while in Uno Chicago Pizzeria you do no need to pay it because you just need to validate your ticket in the restaurant and have free parking.. To sum up, these restaurants have the same kind of food, but their location are different. Another reason is their food. Oliver Garden has a lot of variety food, whereas Uno Chicago Pizzeria its specialty is pizzas. Oliver Garden server a lot of choices such as pastas, pizzas, salads, soups, and seafood, while Uno Chicago Pizzeria Jus has a lot of choices on pizzas and some salads.In addition, their food quality is different. Uno Chicago Pizzeria shows its customers on the menu how many calories each choice has; on the other hand, Oliver Garden does not have nutrition information on their menu. For example, if you go to eat at Oliver Garden, you do not how many calories have the dish that you are eatin g. However, Uno Chicago Pizzeria shows you all the information about nutrition information. All in all, these restaurant have different variety and quality, but their food is delicious. The final difference is the atmosphere hat you live in these restaurants.Oliver Garden does not provide entertainment; nevertheless, Uno Chicago Pizzeria provides a lot entertainment. For instances, in Uno Chicago Pizzeria, you can listen music and watch TV while you are eating and enjoy that moment. On the other hand, Oliver Garden does not have these entertainment. Also, Uno Chicago Pizzeria makes decoration in the restaurant on every holiday, whereas Oliver Garden has the same decoration the whole year. For example, in Valentin's days Uno Chicago Pizzeria puts hearths and chocolates to ecorate their tables.In contrast, Oliver Garden does not have nothing to call the attention of costumers on this especial day. Oliver Garden and Uno Chicago Pizzeria are both Italian restaurant, yet their atmosphere is different. To conclude, restaurants are different one to another one. Oliver Garden and Uno Chicago Pizzeria are different in their location, food and atmosphere. It will be interesting to look forward if these restaurants are still continues having the same or more differences. the best place to eat By wendy-fuentes

Corporate Governance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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Case Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Critique - Essay Example The case study clearly identifies expected outcomes and impact which helps managers to implement and introduce a new product. I like a selection of the geographical area and two-phase model of entry. It is evident that before adding a product, however, a company should establish various criteria concerning the size of the available market, the rate of return on investment, the net profit, the patentability of the item, the congruency with current corporate situations, and the impact on the sales organization. Market segmentation often results from substantial growth. The only weaknesses are lack of attention to competition and possible problems caused by market rivalry. Also, the market segmentation involved only age differentiation (20-40, versus 40-60, or hybrid) but does not take into account possible gender differences (males and females) in product perception and satisfaction. If I was working for the Board of the Company I would implement this plan because it proposes great opportunities to expend business but does not require immediate investments in market development.

Modern Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Modern Japan - Essay Example According to Prindle (1989) "[t]he stories expose the internal mechanisms of business transactions and the mentality of the people involved, making technical information accessible to a lay audience and convincing even to economists." (qtd in The Japanese Business Novel). Arai Shinya is the executive vice president of Summit Inc., and director of Sumitomo Corporation who is popular under the pen name of Satoshi Azuchi writing Japanese business novel, one of which is the popular Tales of a Shoshoman. Shinya related that the Tales of Shoshoman "begins with a story of a Japanese businessman who commits suicide because he failed to be promoted when his peers in his company were promoted" (qtd in The Japanese Business Novel). The novel illustrates the traditional aspects of the Japanese society and preserved these traditions by means of these types of novels. The novel reveals the values of Japanese "salary man" (The Japanese Business Novel) with high regard to his work and dedicated to his organization, with preserved value of loyalty and devotion which allows the world to have knowledge of the Japanese nature in which ways the traditional Japanese culture in business is upheld. In another novel authored by Norma Field, "In the Realm of a Dying Emperor" tells of three separate tales woven together with intentions for a greater purpose. The novel successfully pointed the struggles of Japan of its past as it faces the twentieth century in the end of war. The novel attempted to reveal a glimpse of hope to recover from injuries brought about by the imperialist rule. Each tale in the novel depicts of a true Japanese value in each character which is struggling from atrocities and Western pressure. The character of the supermarket owner burning the flag of the Rising Sun illustrated the value of braving to fight for dignity over the struggles of an Okinawan to escape the memories of the bitter past. In the review of Steve Edwards he acknowledged the research done by Field which was a strong point rather than a personal conviction which revealed that "Many Okinawans continue to feel objectionable towards the emperor system for the incidents there during World War Tw o The Rising Sun flag is a prime example of the rape and pillaging of countries across Asia during World War Two. These citizens also feel the flag represents a part of their history they would like to leave behind and obstructs them from completely Surname 3 whitewashing the entire issue away." (Edwards, Steve). In another tale tells the story of an ordinary woman protesting the emperor rule because of "deification" of her husband who died and enshrined "as a way to pass on the ritual of dying for the emperor" (Edwards, Steve). In this story the constitutional practices under the hybrid system is criticized. The defiant character of the ordinary woman is a typical character of the Japanese when principles are laid shaken. The final tale in the novel tells the story of the "mayor" who strongly defied against the emperor rule whose character suggested that the emperor was responsible for the atrocities during the war. In line with such grand accusations, the

Criminal Behavior - A discussion of theories Term Paper

Criminal Behavior - A discussion of theories - Term Paper Example Accordingly, Mr. Gacy was dubbed the â€Å"Clown Killer† by the American media and his unsavory celebrity grew as his trial for multiple murders gripped the nation. Seeking to understand the particularly heinous crimes of Mr. John Wayne Gacy, this brief research paper will discuss the life and times of this violent murderer, the crimes he was charged with and the various impacts of his crime on our society. Following this complete overview of the crimes of John Wayne Gacy, this paper will discuss how two different criminological theorists would have viewed the crime as well as the causes of the crime. In sum, we will conclude with a discussion of where the perpetrator is now and the controversies surrounding his punishment (Bell and Bardsley 2009). John Wayne Gacy was born during the height of the Second World War during the relative tranquility of suburban Chicago and was the second of three children. It was reported that his father was both physically and mentally abusive as the young Gacy grew up in a strict Polish-Danish household. Teased about being overweight and supposedly demonstrating feminine characteristics as a young boy, John Wayne Gacy faced a series of challenges growing up. His scholastic record was shoddy and although he became a somewhat successful businessman, his previous academic record gave no indication that Mr. Gacy would achieve much financial success in life. As a young man who had dropped out of school and ventured to Las Vegas to win a livelihood, John Wayne Gacy married the first woman who paid him any attention, the unsuspecting Marlynn Myers. A daughter of wealthy parents and franchise owners of multiple KFC outlets in Chicago and the mid-west, the Myers entrusted John Wayne Gacy with the managem ent of their fast-food outlets following his marriage to their daughter in 1964. Moving to Waterloo, Iowa to manage one of the family KFC restaurants, Gacy and his wife

Psychoactive Substance use and Mental Health (Hong Kong) Essay

Psychoactive Substance use and Mental Health (Hong Kong) - Essay Example The semisynthetic derivatives in this group include hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, dihydrocodeine, oxycodone, and buprenorphine. The remaining two groups are synthetic chemicals such as the phenylpiperidines which include the meperidineas well as the fentanyl, and the pseudopiperidines which include methadone and propoxyphene (Havens et al 2007, 101). Heroine and morphine were used first as medicine in the 19th century and later used illicitly for recreational purposes. Previously, the dependence of heroin and other opioid drugs has proved difficult to counter successfully whereby the poor result has been accredited to environmental characteristics, patient characteristics as well as other powerful reinforcing effects of the same drugs. The most common problems of opioid abuse are known to be nausea and constipation. These two side effects have been found to be difficult to deal with especially for constipation. The concept of agoinist-replecement therapy was introduced approximately forty years ago representing a breakthrough in opiod drugs management especially heroin. Developments in training have encompassed newer pharmacotherapies, Narcotics Anonymous and the psychosocial therapy (Davids & Gastpar 2004, 210). These drugs tend to produce analgesia, mood changes, drowsiness as well as mental clouding but not all of these lead to loss of consciousness. Patients who report of pain claim that it is less intense and less discomforting which fades eventually after healing dosage of these drugs. Relief in pain is believed to be selective without affecting the other modalities of sense. Some patients are believed to experience euphoria. Vomiting, nausea, drowsiness, mental difficulties, apathy as well as the occurrence of decreased physical activities when given to pain free individual is common. The toxic effects and the subjective analgesic, which includes respiratory depression, may become more pronounced as the dose is

Divorce as a Social Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Divorce as a Social Issue - Essay Example r, the belief in religion and ethics or morality are diminishing at present because of the advancements in science and technology and changing life styles and life philosophies of people. Family concepts have less value in contemporary American society which motivates the people to change their husbands and wives just like changing their dresses. This paper briefly analyses the different dimensions of divorce and the major impacts it may cause to the society and family. Cruel treatment, Impotence, Inebriation, Adultery, Desertion etc were the major reasons for divorce in America during seventeenth century. But in twentieth century, the reasons for divorce changed a lot. Loss of sanity, Instances of incompatibility and Long term separations were the reasons of divorce during the initial half of the twentieth century. However, the reasons of divorce kept on changing and during the latter half of the twentieth century; Increase in the earning potential of women, more social acceptance of divorce, an enhancement in the pursuit of joy (i.e. the possibility to locate a better partner) and the presence of no fault laws were the motivating factor for divorce (History of Divorce in America). The above facts clearly show that the reasons for divorce during ancient centuries were biological or behavioral and more genuine when we consider the reasons for divorce in the present century. Divorce laws were tougher earlier compared to that of the current divorce laws which forced people to think about a divorce only in the extreme cases. However, most of the current divorces are taking place because of silly reasons. Even the husband and wife do not know the exact reasons for their divorce. According to Winchester & Beyer (2001); â€Å"during and after divorce, many parents feel guilty and confused† (Winchester & Beyer, p.47). This because of their lack of awareness about the reasons of their divorce and the possible consequences divorce can cause in their future life. â€Å"Around

Everyday life challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Everyday life challenges - Essay Example These challenges are usually defined by the surrounding environment. Some of the common challenges I face are correlated with my emotions, family issues, work environment, economic issues, religious issues and the physical environment (Dean 44). For example, family issues such as sibling rivalry and hatred within the family interferes with the family relationships. This can also affect other members of the family especially when the siblings are not minors. Most of the time is usually spent on trying to resolve such duels. My personal emotions also affect my general outlook. This is normally depicted on a daily basis. In conclusion, I have become a victim of drug abuse and violence based on the numerous challenges, which I face as an individual. On several occasions, I have learnt that harboring an optimistic attitude is the best technique to ensure that I can cope with my everyday challenges (Dean 34). Also, engaging in leisure ensures that I am able to relax after work. Some of the leisure activities I engage in include playing games, swimming and reading magazines. These leisure activities enhance relaxation hence; avoiding daily

Weekly current event 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weekly current event 2 - Essay Example his collections, we see humour, the impertinence, the tendency to explode myths, and the manipulation of pop iconography all that we knew to be part of the label’s founder Franco Moschino spirit and designs, commented Raffaello Napoleon, Chief executive officer of Pitti Immagine. There is also uniqueness in his work. He has ultra-sensor focused in the current times in the way he combines fabrics and materials, the best types because his designs are luxurious. The Womenswear presentations from Thomas Tait have been named as one of the events not to miss during the London Fashion Week. It brings out the unexpected use of volumes and the devotion to design. This gave him an offer to express his creativity in Florence. Thomas Tait addresses various issues in the globe with his collections. He says that a fashion designer should always keep things off-balance, Offer buyers what they need and most importantly one should offer things inside and out which is crucial for the fashion public and media. Many fashion designers may lack the viewpoint and vision that may not be good for the fashion business. Fashion should bring out the originality and should also be full of

Primary School classroom Essay Example for Free

Primary School classroom Essay These Poets write Honestly about their Experiences. Explore the Memories Expressed in their Poems and consider what Views they are sharing about Growing Up  Carol Ann Duffy expresses her views and gives her true experiences to do with childhood and growing up. She uses a range of techniques in her poems, like similes to emphasize her feelings and emotions and imagery, where she uses metaphors to help create the picture and mood of the atmosphere of each poem. For example, the Primary School classroom. Simon Armitage also writes about everyday experiences, childhood, growing up, changes and regrets. He uses less imagery than Carol Ann Duffy, but in one particular poem Kid, he uses a great more rhyme. They both include experiences towards school life, where Carol Ann Duffy writes about the younger years and Simon Armitage writes about the older years at school. These two poets are similar in some ways, but can be quite different in others. For example, in Duffys Stealing it shares the feelings of a child who steals for no reason and Duffy adds comments from her own experiences. It can make the reader feel quite depressed and sad, whereas in I am very Bothered by Simon Armitage, it is again about a child with regret for something he did at school, but instead of being sad it uses black humour and is more horrible stench of branded skin In Mrs Tilschers Class, Carol Ann Duffy starts with you, which makes it personal and sets the scene travel up the Blue Nile.  She identifies things like Primary School aspects very well with your finger, tracing the route This is a good reminder to what children do when they are little. She creates the picture of the blackboard chalky Pyramids rubbed into dust. This suggests break time and the laugh of a bell swung by a running child creates a jolly, happy time that all the kids look forward to. This gives a comparison between home and school. This was better than home. There are more interesting things to be found at school, like enthralling books, which is obviously what she doesnt have at home.  She uses similes to describe the classroom. The classroom glowed like a sweet shop. This creates the idea of colour that a sweet shop would have.  She tells of a negative memory Brady and Hindley, which faded, like the faint, uneasy smudge of a mistake. School has so many good memories that it is able to make the bad ones disappear. She uses emotion Mrs Tilscher loved you, and alliteration good gold star, which makes the poem flow easier. It also sounds a bit like a childs expression.  A xylophones nonsense gives the impression of tuneless playing, which kids do in Primary School, they dont care about accuracy, just about having fun. It also appeals to the senses by using sounds as well as visual images.

Social dumping Essay Example for Free

Social dumping Essay The aim of the this assignment is to firstly define social dumping. This assignment however defines social dumping and looks at it from a type of social dumping, in this case outsourcing. It will look at the relationship between two countries, the developed United States that outsources to the developing India. The assignment found that American firms are outsourcing many of their jobs to India to reduce their organisational overheads in order to gain a profit. However it also found that domestically Americans are losing their jobs at a high rate of concern. Furthermore, although India is a leader in information technology, there education system is struggling to provide proficient English speakers that can deal with the firms clients. Another problem is the cost to maintain professional staff is  starting to increase, which could potentially affect the firm profits, and the likelihood of firms relocating from India a possibility. Recommendations for America are for government intervention, to control firms and curb the growing unemployment caused by outsourcing. For India, the recommendation is to invest in education and not rely on the short term profit. Social dumping can be described as a process where firms or manufacturers relocate from countries where the cost of production comprising of wages is considerably higher, and therefore shift the business to countries where these costs are significantly less. These businesses are not tied down to the country they operate in and are able to move their operations when they believe for instance that the cost of doing business in a host country has become too high. Therefore because the increase in cost would affect the multi-national companies profits, multinationals want to move where costs are lower. Hence they find themselves in a position where they have an unfair advantage over their host country, which is also a developing country. The unfair advantage comes from the developing country not wanting to lose an industry that creates employment for its people, and as a result multinational companies end up having the power to dictate how much employees get paid and their working conditions, in order to try and keep them from relocating. This potentially leads to an environment where developing countries begin to attract multinational companies to operate in their countries by having lower wages and less union participation.( Erickson and Sarosh 1994,28) Therefore this assignment will provide a comparative analysis of two countries where social dumping occurs. Social dumping takes a variety of forms but the one that this assignment will look at is outsourcing. Outsourcing can be categorized into three groups first, second and third generation outsourcing. The first category of outsourcing is determined by price and aims to decrease the workforce. The most important aim of this category is to cut costs. The outsourcing agreement is brief and involves allocated jobs, similar to a short term contracts in an attempt to reduce organisational costs. The second category was as a result of firms outsourcing essential processes that are key to the firm being able to  function, such as customer service and product design. This category of outsourcing came about as a result of changes in what customers wanted and the increased speed at which products lost their value, firms were forced to cut costs, make better products and decrease the time it took to get a finished product examples being motor vehicles and electronics. It is at this level that firms begun to not only operate where the initial business was set up, but started to operate in other countries, most importantly developing countries.(Lee, Mohamed and Ramayah(2010,319) The third and last category would appear to be determined by firm rivalry. Here the advantage that a firm would have over others would be its capacity to react swiftly to what their customers want and keep them happy. The firms advantage depends on its ability to be resourceful, creative be able to adjust rapidly. (Lee, Mohamed and Ramayah(2010,32) The two countries that will be looked at for a comparative analysis are the United States of America and India. They were chosen so as to understand how outsourcing affects both the developed and developing country, and in this case the two countries have a relationship because America the developed country, outsources to India the developing country. America will be the country looked at first with the aim of distinguishing the positive and negative aspects of outsourcing in the developed country undertaking the outsourcing. There seems to be a persistent occurrence in the American economy that its citizens have become accustomed to, and it is the unbelievable speed that employment is being lost to foreign workers. Market and political analysts believe that the loss of employment will not only intensify, but also worsen. They believe that approximately 14 million professional jobs and roughly one in nine occupations in all areas of employment could be affected by outsourcing. Occupations with considerably higher wages are also affected. A report that was released in 2004 forecast that 3.5 million professional jobs and 151 billion worth of wages would be lost to foreigners. Countless jobs in numerous areas are affected and these include legal services, accounting and call centre operation to mention a few. Forecasts are that employment in the areas of banking and securities will also be affected with approximately 2.3 million occupations lost to foreigners.( Hira and Hira 2005,2) Firms in the United States are passionately accepting the relocation of jobs to other countries. Individuals in managerial positions are currently been instructed to outsource in order to maintain their positions. Numerous firms have begun to engage in the practice of coercing their employees to teach foreign staff how to do their jobs, which effectively results in them taking their jobs. The American employee is then released from employment after they have transferred their work experience. Another type of firm that has started to outsource in America are venture capital firms. These are companies that may show potential but at the same time are very risky. Their relation to the American economy is that they happen to contribute to the economy by producing a small amount of employment. They are inclined to invest in innovative technological or biotechnological business. However the question is can America remain one of the leaders in technological advancements if venture capital firms are starting to outsource. (Hira and Hira 2005,2) Another issue that could possibly be a problem is that overseas labour is cheap. This may be one of the main reasons that outsourcing has progressed so quickly and changed the working environment. Furthermore because developing countries have enormous amounts of uneducated labour, they can be paid less than American workers. Additionally, developing countries such as India are paid 20 per cent less in comparison to their American workers and the likelihood of income being equal could take decades. This means that because there is so much unskilled labour in developing countries, and the labour is so far behind American firms, in the pursuit to cut costs and make a profit, American firms are purposefully doing away with their own domestic labour, which could have negative potential consequences for them in the future too. Whats more, other developing countries are keen to reproduce Indias achievements of being able to essentially take American jobs. (Hira and Hira 2005,3) The truth of the matter is the U.S has already begun to lose its competitive advantage, and it is only a matter of time before it is totally surpassed in being a leader in technological advancement as many Asian countries such as Japan and Korea progress. The dilemma now for the U.S is that a phobia has developed by potential students to enter technological fields as there is a concern that their employment in this area is not guaranteed. This offcourse  jeopardizes its technological ability to advance. In addition theres a possibility that technological jobs will transfer to India and China with many countries entering the field to compete for these jobs too. As for American workers that have lost their jobs, their ability to find work is not very good, as figures approximate that one in three cannot find work after losing their job. A number of domestic workers that had work in manufacturing lost their jobs to outsourcing, retrained and obtained employment in information technology. There is every likelihood that they will lose these jobs too. (Hira and Hira 2005,5) The other country that will now be looked at is India. As of 1990 India had outsourced companies that did the repetitive, boring work which included understanding the mechanics of how software worked, as this was overlooked by their fellow compatriots in America. The scenario changed as India got an unintended helping hand when wariness of software collapse in the name of Y2k meant that India was the go to country in regards to software expertise. The U.S had a increasing need for skilled labour in the form of information technology experts, which India had, to fill the lack of IT staff in the 90s in America. At the time, America was willing to accept professional IT foreign staff, especially from India to solve their problem. This was the beginning of the first category of outsourcing illustrated in the second paragraph of this paper where overheads are reduced to lower organisational costs. In this case day to day allocated jobs such as payroll and the keeping of records begun to be outsourced to India by American firms ( Ignatius 2004, 1022) Presently occupations being outsourced to India cover an extensive area from debt collection and accounting to call centres. Oddly, Indians who immigrated to America lured by the high paying employment of the IT boom are now themselves like the Americans faced with having to accept a decrease in their pay or even lose their employment all together, as their occupations are outsourced to India. ( Ignatius 2004, 1023) There are numerous industries that have been outsourced to India but the one that will be focused on is the service industry of call centres. A concern  that is brought up is the increasing turnover of staff particularly in call centres. The yearly turnover which is estimated to be 50 per cent has not excluded long standing, well known firms who attract staff by providing not only providing housing but the opportunity to invest in the firm. In spite of this the turnover remains high, as a result of the strain and pressure of staff being overworked. Another reason though is that competing firms are offering increased pay. The high turnover would also suggest that there are more employment opportunities in India and not enough of the right people to do the job. There appears to be an emerging dilemma of India to produce enough proficient English speaking professionals, as this amount lags way behind even though an estimated million students graduate. All firms especially those requiring highly specialised labor such as engineers will insist on employing those with proficient English. One of the main reasons for proficient English including call centres is that even though the firms have outsourced, their clients still need to communicate to them, and a problem is the increased communication barrier between the Indians and the firms clients in America. Another difficulty comes when firms cannot fulfill their English speaking requirement for employment because the number of people with these skills is not enough. Furthermore in order to get more proficient and professional English speakers would require not only investment but also a lot of time to. What has begun to happen is within India itself business have emerged with the goal of providing labour regardless of quality at a lower price. The challenge for firms will be whether to continue to demand for quality or cut costs. The trouble with cutting costs is that firms could begin to lose clients because of the communication barrier. Another concern is that as demand for highly proficient professionals increases, so does the cost in order to attract and keep them. If the cost of doing business in India were to rise, there is a chance that firms could possibly start to think about relocating to another location with cheaper labour and at the same time no language barrier. ( Ignatius 2004, 1024) In the case of United states it would be recommended that the government gets involved and not allow multi-national companies govern the policy. Peoples lives are at stake and these firms are only interested in profit at the end  of the day. It is not in Americas best interests to give away their jobs, when unemployment is high and people have no jobs. Just as in the global financial crisis when banks and lending institutions activities were not monitored and checked, this is a potential catastrophe waiting to happen.( Hira and Hira 2005,2) It would be recommended that India for their own benefit start to invest in education. It had progressed well and at one time was the information technology leader, however the failure to reinvest in to education for quick profit has pushed their progress back. ( Ignatius 2004, 1024) In conclusion outsourcing though on the surface would appear to be beneficial to both the developed, United States and the developing country India, it can be said that there are a lot more negative ramifications that outweigh the good. In the case of the United States multinational companies have relocated to less developed countries in the pursuit to reduce their organisational overhead costs, resulting in a profit for them. (Hira and Hira 2005,3) However the problem for this developed country is that in the process of outsourcing, they have lost their jobs, one of the tools that allows their economy to function and grow as with no jobs comes less production, which eventually could lead to increased problems to their already troubled economy. (Hira and Hira 2005,19) In the case of India outsourcing has been both positive and negative. It has been positive because many in the huge population have been able to obtain employment and learn skills. However it has also has also highlighted the gap that exists in the education sector due to Indias inability to invest in education, and instead opted to gain short term profit.( Ignatius 2004, 1024) BIBLIOGRAPHY Chow Lee, Jason Wai, Osman Mohamad, and T. Ramayah. 2010. Outsourcing: Is the Social Exchange Theory Still Relevant in Developing Countries? Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 4 (4): 316-345. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17505931011092826. http://search.proquest.com/docview/761523873?accountid=10382. View as multi-pages

Effects of Groupthink in an Organisation

Effects of Groupthink in an Organisation Introduction The paper aims to assess the relationship between groupthink and team performance. First, it will review the conceptualisations of groupthink to analyse the effects of groupthink in organisations, focusing how it is formed and its manifestation in organizational performance, especially in group decision making. Secondly, my study will explain whether or not groupthink affects organisational performance through an analysis of the existent theory by Irving. L. Janis and the empirical studies conducted to examine the groupthink and group performance link. Finally, my paper shows some recommendations which reduce negative impacts of groupthink in workplace. Within my study, I also will support ideas by giving implications about groupthink in organisations in the light of theory. In the past several decades, there has been a substantial increase in emphasis on organisation behaviour literature, focusing on group decision making (Branstatter et al, 1982; Kerr and Tindale, 2004). The utilisation of group decision making, conducted in different type of tasks, has been credited with various benefits including improved productivity and enhancement of the quality of work life (Troopman, 1980). However, many researchers also review a potential problem that occurs within groups and that can dramatically hinder group effectiveness from their performance. This disease can be referred to as ‘groupthink’, which is presented the first time in 1972 by Irving L. Janis. The main point of theory on which Janis has been suggested is that the poor decisions of group suffering from groupthink derive from a strong concurrence-seeking tendency that suppresses collective decision-making processes, and leads to fiascos (Janis, 1972). Based on his achievement, a large bo dy of research has shown a conscious awareness of the psychological phenomenon of groupthink as well as formulates some simple strategies to avoid it. A review of groupthink According to Janis (1972), groupthink is described as a â€Å"mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members’ striving for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative course of action† (1972, p.9). Based on this theory, it is suspected that groupthink occurs when group members’ motivation for unanimity and agreement such as consensus overrules their motivation to evaluate carefully benefits of decisions as well as expression of deviant or minority opinions (Janis, 1972; Robbins and Judge, 2013). Many studies have evidenced that groups and teams can develop a high level of cohesiveness which tends to result in better performance. However, a considerable disadvantage of highly cohesive groups is that their decision making ability can be drastically restricted by Janis’s groupthink hypothesis. Indeed, strong cohesive groups, where group members are friendly and respec tful of other’s opinions, can contribute to faulty decisions and a policy fiasco when such groups are immersed in poor decision making process under in-group pressures (Eaton, 2001). With the same view, in other words, Fincham and Rhodes (1999) argued that highly cohesive groups can create the pressures of conformity that reduce reflexivity, impeding members’ judgement and their ability to reach a correct decision. From this point, it is clearly seen that each member of a group finds it comfortable to be in agreement, following a positive part of the group, rather than to be an opposing force, even if this factor is potential to enhance the efficiency of the group’s decisions. This reveals a reality that individuals who have different opinions from that of the dominant majority have a tendency to withhold or modify their true feelings and beliefs, which leads to distort the decision making process (Robbins and Judge, 2013). In addition, Knights et al (2007) beli eved that groupthink can cause a disadvantage when learning activities stopped as any further development was largely stagnated by a consensus that was more based upon a withdrawal of respect than upon a useful critical insight to assessment of different information and alternative options. Therefore, when the group is attacked by groupthink, the problems are usually discussed and examined in an uncertain way, leaving many possible solutions and useful ideas (Knights et al, 2007). One of the clearest examples of groupthink which can be considered is the the explosion of the NASA Shuttle Challenger, 73 seconds after it launched in January 1986, killing seven astronauts. The disasters could have been easily prevented if the NASA team noticed the concerns from engineers on the readiness and safety of the Shuttle’s structure before it were launched (Moorhead et al, 1991). It could be concluded that groupthink impede the voices of members of the group who have their own opinions b ut are marginalised, and maintain an illusion of group unanimity, which may invalidate team performance and contribute in creating fiascos (Knights et al, 2007). In addition, many researchers studied that the effectiveness of directive leadership is also one of the factors related to groupthink (Flowers, 1977; Mullen et al, 1994). They claimed that directive leadership has a weak connection with information being considered by the group, the discouragement of dissent, fewer solutions being found and more self-censorship by members (Flowers, 1977; Leana, 1985; Moorhead and Montanari, 1986). Based on previous studies, Moorhead et al (1998) believed that individuals’ opinions may be prevented from group interaction if there appears a strong leadership and group members just only follow their leaders without sufficient critical evaluation. For example, if the leader of the group suggests unethical ideas, and the group cannot control the rules to prescribe ethical behaviour, poor decision may be shaped (Sims, 1992). Similarly, Huczynski and Buchanan (2013) concluded that if the group leaders consider their position from the beginning and ap pear to have a strong preference for a particular goal, the groups tend to support their leader’s idea and do not have a chance to suggest alternative information or solutions. Research on symptoms of groupthink Groupthink, in most of viewpoints, is considered as a threat of organization. Fortunately, Janis (1972, 1982) described eight symptoms categorised in three types of characteristics which were experienced from the fiascos and serve as the powerful tool for recognising the existence of groupthink. They are: overestimation of the group (illusion of invulnerability; belief in inherent morality), closed-mindedness (collective rationalisations, stereotyped images of out-groups), and pressure towards uniformity (self-censorship, illusion of unanimity, direct pressures on dissenters, self-appointed mindguards) (Janis, 1972; Hart, 1991). These symptoms, according to Janis (1972), are considered as a collection of a concurrence-seeking tendency that can fade group decision making process and lead to fiascos, and even disasters. In his research, concurrence-seeking plays a vital role in collective decision making process; but, it will become excessive when it occurs too early in a limited acces s. In addition, Hart (1991) pointed that the signal of excessive concurrence-seeking can be derived from the pressures toward uniformity, and concurrence-seeking takes places in the context of misguide policy from the other two types of characteristics. However, According to Choi and Kim (1999), not all symptoms of groupthink tend to be associated with the others. Their study evidenced that pressure on dissenters, collective rationalisations, and self-censorship tend to be positively associated with each other but negatively associated with the belief in the illusion of invulnerability, the group’s inherent morality, and the illusion of unanimity. From that point, they also suggested that groupthink symptoms reflect two different processes that may occur in collective decision making: the positive correlations between the illusions of invulnerability and unanimity with the belief in the group morality, contrary to the emergence of mindguards, self-censorship, pressure on diss enters, and stereotypes of outgroups. Similarly, Park (2000) examined symptoms of groupthink based on the groupthink model’s Janis and went to a conclusion that the symptom groupings tend to produce negative correlations across the divergent processes. This strengthens for the argument of Longley and Pruit (1980) that the symptoms of groupthink have a strong connection with defective decision making process which would qualify as high quality. How to avoid groupthink It is clearly seen that groupthink is an invisible barrier that causes negative effects on group decision making process and lead to serious consequences. However, Janis’s achievement on groupthink theory has paved the way for researchers finding methods to avoid this phenomenon. Macleod (2011) suggested that it is important for managers to foster group cohesiveness along with a shared sense of professional solidarity. At the same time, it is also important to create an impartial comfort zone in which each member of a group is encouraged to have an active voice in the exchange of ideas and in the evaluation of options. Moreover, relevant outside input should be welcomed as a means of providing diverse information and broadening the extent of collaboration. Conclusion In conclusion, a large body of research has examined the negative impacts of groupthink to organisation, focusing on group decision making. All of them are reviewed and examined meticulously from the Janis’s groupthink hypothesis, which claimed that groupthink is clearly seen as an enemy of creativity, bringing threats and major blunders (Simone, 2008). Indeed, groupthink leads to group decision making failures which come from the highly cohesive groups and the strong directive leadership (Flower, 1977; Leana, 1985; Hart, 1991). Developed from this point, before groupthink becomes a potential pitfall in group decision making, controlled attempts to understand its symptoms are not only desirable but highly necessary. If people can do that, the groupthink framework can be applied effectively to analyse defective decision processes and propose recommendations to avoid groupthink in work organisations. Therefore, it is necessary to have more research on the potential threats to ef fective group decision making caused by groupthink to get deeper insight into this phenomenon as well as improve the further ideas and continuous in-depth research for groups.

African Creation Stories :: African Culture Creation Tales Essays

African Creation Stories There are many similarities among most African creation stories. Likewise certain differences are also noticeable. For example, I chose four creation stories to make the comparisons between them. The first one is "An African Cosmogony." Here, Bumba is the creator. He created nine living creatures, after vomiting the sun and the moon, from which all other animals emerged. The second one, "An African story of the Creation of Man", is a story among the Shilluks of the White Nile which basically explains the different complexions among the various races on Earth. They believed Juok molded all men of earth while he wandered the earth creating the rest of the world. White men were created from white sand which Juok found in the land of the white. Red or brown men were created out of the mud of the Nile in Egypt. Black men were created from black earth found in the land of the Shilluck. According to this creation story, man was given all necessary parts to function. Each part had a reason f or being. For example, Juok gave man arms in order for man to work. The third one, "God and the Five women" states the myth of the origin of earth, fire, water and woman, from the Thompson Indians of North Pacific Coast. This creation story states that Earth was created by Old One or Chief. He came down from the upper world in a cloud and created five Perfectly formed young women. To each of them he asked what they wished to be. The first one wished to be "bad". The second one wanted to be "good". The third one wanted to become Earth. The fourth one wanted to become Fire. And the fifth one became water. Finally, the fourth story, "Creation by Thought" states that man was created out of a thinking process by which he first created the Earth and then created man in resemblance of himself. The Earthcreator designed man out of clay. He gave man mind and thought, tongue, soul, and the ability to talk. All of these features came about out of a thought process. In all these stories there is a chief creator. One god, or creator, is in charge of populating the Earth and making men. Two of these stories have similar concepts in relation to the creation of men. Men being created out of clay is similar in the "Creation by Thought" story and "An African Story of the Creation of Man".

Jurassic Park :: Essays Papers

Jurrasic Park 2 Jurassic Park Jurassic Park takes place on an Island off the Coast of Costa Rica which is owned by a multimillionaire, John Hammond. On this island he has set up a genetical engineering facility which permits him and his scientist to create dinosaur from blood extracted from prehistoric mosquitos, that have been preserved in amber. Before he opens this living attraction to the public he needs specialist to approve the park. He brings them to the island and begins to show them what he has accomplished. While they are touring the island one of the computer programmers, Dennis Nedry, is secretly planning to steal dinosaur embryos from the park and sell them to a company that is trying to compete with Hammond. The only way Nedry can obtain these embryos is to immobilize the park by interrupting the parks normal function, so that he could sneak in and steal the embryos. This all takes place while the visitors are out in the park touring, and in the mist of a terrible storm. After Nedry has executed a virus in order to steal the embryos the storm hits, and the park power goes out. As the power goes out the visitors to the island are stuck in the middle of nowhere, with an escaped T-Rex. Everyone flees and is scattered through the park. The animals begin attacking the control building, while they are search for food. Since all the power is out there is no way to stop them, or containing them. In the hysteria a scientist , Wu, discovers that the dinosaurs have been mating, which they thought wasn't possible, because they were only cloning females, but the dinosaurs have adapted and have found a way to reproduce. They think they got the power back on so they try to put all the animals back in their holding areas. Little did they know that the whole time the park was running on auxiliary power, and once this power ran out they could not restore the main power. When all the power finally ran out the animals began attacking at full force now. Their only alternative to get the power restored is to have someone manually turn on another auxiliary power generator so they could get the main power running again. The visitors and the staff of Jurassic Park escape but with two casualties. They escape by having a helicopter pick them up.

Sonjas Embrace :: essays research papers

Naked. My reflection mocks me. The morning sun smiles on me, kisses me, holds me. As I begin to appreciate its soothing warmth, it slips away to be replaced with the unforgiving chill of the cold winter morning. Such is life, and such is my love for you. How I dream of your smile, your kiss, your embrace – But these are only dreams, swiftly replaced with reality. The numbing chill of reality is that I will never be good enough for you. And so I will wait forever, longing for Sonja’s embrace. Jaded. My eyes chase their reflection. They become lost within each other, and I wander down the endless tunnel of my eyes. There is light at the end of this tunnel perhaps, but I will never reach it. The ground and the sky are gray, but the walls are painted with pictures of you. There is no sun in the dark world of my eyes, but the paintings of you give it warmth. I can see you now, but I can walk no further. I beg for you, but you turn away. Helpless. I have stepped outside of my mind and into reality; it slaps me across the face. Alone in a room filled with people – I watch you, I hear you. Like a goddess bathing in a river of silk, you look in my direction - but our eyes do not connect - yours go by me, identifying me as the desperate filth that I am. You pass me in the corridor, I breathe deeply, tasting your sweet smell. All of the flowers in the world could not be so satisfying. Like the song of a thousand birds on a spring morning, your voice awakens something within me, but this pleasure I intake only for the short moment you pass. Your beauty is such that I would wish to be blind if I could not see you, and your song such that I could breathe it instead of air. You leave, and I have had my fix for now. Pathetic. You consume all of my thoughts; I am infatuated with you. I enact conversations with you, asking you out for dinner, pretending to be interesting, witty, charming, amusing. I have spent so many days and nights thinking of you, the time has come to act upon these feelings. You are sitting at your table in the crowded room as I approach you.

Mindset Case Study Essay

I read the Mindset book by Carol S, Dweck. This book really made me think and reflect about what kind of person I am. It focuses mostly on the benefits of having a growth mindset and the downside of having a fixed mindset. I learned a lot about how you can grow as a person instead of failing and giving up. Most of the most successful people are people with the growth mindset who learn from their mistakes and apply it to their career or everyday life. I use to believe that some peoples born talents are better than those who work harder but are not as naturally good. For example Michael Jordan got cut from his high school basketball team. Instead of giving up after he was told he wasn’t good enough that motivated him more and he worked hard and improved and eventually became one of the most talented basketball players in NBA history. One thing that I disliked was that the writer focused on the positive of the growth mindset when sometimes the fixed mindset can be useful. It sounds like common-sense but it is in how it carefully uses both biographical data and scientific research to strengthen the reader’s understanding of the true implications of this finding. After I read ‘Mindset’, I understood much better why John McEnroe was famous for his tantrums (he had a very fixed mindset, a tennis loss meant that he was inherently worthless, that he was, permanently and in all aspects of life, a ‘loser’), as well as why a four-star chef like Bernard Loiseau committed suicide. I learned that Chinese students who think that intelligence is unalterable don’t follow remedial English courses, but also that American medical students who believe in innate ability flunk chemistry much more often than students who consider early failure as a sign that they haven’t worked hard enough or that they should try other learning strategies. I also learned some things that are counterintuitive, such that you should never praise children for being smart or talented. I knew I liked the book from the beginning because it had situations I could relate to and made me actually think about my life and how I can become the best I can be.

The Philosophy of Morality

thither is restriction on exemption everywhere. This is a derived idea from the argument of Im pieceuel Kant in his work, An closure to the Question What is Enlightenment? This restriction is the solid ground why benignants be fill as they are they need a sympathetic environment within themselves as a pursuit of individual community of well-organism, freedom and safety. Humans are non finall(a)y free as they could be because their performanceion at legality at integritys own consequences. We may call these consequences, according to Kant, imperatives for actions. The terra firma why certain acts ought to be through with(p) is because they ought to be done (Stratton-Lake, 2000).Generally, a discerning human being would do an action consciously for practical fences, which is considered as hypothetically imperative. It demands that a person does such action for the pursuit of a purpose that he has in mind. Why art object should non break promises, why should non ass ort lies, why and should not commit self-destruction? This is because manhood ought not do these acts. correspond to Kant, the reason why Man should save his promises because of his obligation to be consistent and the prohibition against using others (i.e., against treating them totally as means) (Nasr, 2008). This is a concrete example of Kants Ought priciple of ethics. spell so that you treat kindliness, whether in your have person or in that of another, of all time as an end and never as a means only(Kant, 1785). A true ethical person would not use tidy sum to specifiedly his possess end and he treats other people with respect to a tax of self-regard and not a value of scathe because a person with a value of dignity cannot be replaced and their value is priceless. An prey with a value of price, as what the hypothetically imperative person believes, can be exchanged and used as a means to achieve an end.To Kant, this commandment of humanity is the supreme limiting condition on the freedom of action of each man, and argues that the principle is not founded on experience alone rather seated in the footholds of a priori reasoning, reasoning that comes onwards experience. Indeed, Mans actions are limited and the theoretical Ought of our judgments to the highest degree facts, like the practical Ought of moral philosophy, is after all definable only in harm of what Kant called the Autonomy of pass on (Royce, 1901).In fact, not only Kant recognized the limitations of the freedom of human Will and the actions that their go out impose upon them and why Man obeys. Another philosopher who made a communication on this ethical issue is Jonathan Edwards. He noted that there are ethics or the rules (Tappan 1839), which are, in fact, not compelled to be obeyed by everyone but impose a strong power upon the conscience of the majority, oddly those who believes in an Almighty being and those who do not want to feel the self-consciousness of the infe rnal and the persecuting character of the Man.Disobedience to these manly impose rules are considered as a resign of sinfulness (Tappan 1839) or the corruption of human sensitivity disposed to violate the harmony and fitness of the spiritual constitution. This is another covering factor that makes man perform the hypothetically imperative actions.Does morality purely equal? incorruptity is some liaison that is not strongly defined, that it is considered as the ultimate commandment of reason and this is the guiding source for Mans duties and obligations. Even Kant argues in his Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of morality that it is only a pure philosophy that we can look for the moral law in its purity and genuineness. Human beings have moral obligations to each other, and, as previously mentioned, because of reasons that they need and not because of their pure entrust to do such obligations. Man, to be genuine to each other without qualification would be a conc eived as having a wide-cut will (Kant, 1785) and it must be understood, however, that piece do not have the self-governing will.They have the morally good will to attain the practical ends that they wish to have. honorable philosophies follow the laws of human will as affected by nature and when employ to man, it does not borrow the least thing from the knowledge of man himself (anthropology), but gives laws a priori to him as a rational being. Moral laws require human judgment that has been modify through time and experience in order for them to be properly employ and for these laws to access the will of the man and effective influence on conduct(Kant, 1785). The pure(a) person does not only adapt and obeys the moral law.He also act for the sake of the moral law itself. Mans actions are morally right as determined by the virtue of their motives, derived not from Mans inclinations but from Mans province. A virtuous person, who makes a morally right action, is determined t o act in accordance with his duty and this duty overcomes that persons self-interests and hidden desires. And for Kant, the Ought of Ethics is the defining factor for morality the signified in which the conduct of moral aget is to be judged as good or evil according as it does or does not conform to the standard of the Ought (Royce, 1901)As Kant have further argued in his philosophies, the ultimate moral law principle was abstractly conceived to guide man to the right action in flavours circumstances. However, if man is untried adequacy to acknowledge this focus, enlightenment would never be achieved. Moreover, it is not only the lack of maturity date that deter man and give him obstacles from being enlightened but also laziness, superstitious and dogmatic beliefs or fanaticism. Laziness and cowardice are the reasons why such a large proportion of men, even when nature has long emancipated them from alien guidance (naturaliter maiorennes), nevertheless gladly remain immature for life (Kant, 1784).Enlightenment would result to freedom, and, if man is facilitate of prejudices and dogmatic beliefs, Man would be zilch but an unthinking and leashed controlled being. Dogmas are the musket ball and chain of His permanent immaturity. (Kant, 1784) If Man rest immature and an obedient being without reason, he would be an object without dignity, a mere machine.Works CitedKant, Immanuel translated by James W. Ellington 1785 (1993). Grounding for the Metaphysics of ethical motive 3rd ed.Royce, Josiah. The World and the Individual Gifford Lectures Delivered before the University of Aberdeen. 2d Series Nature, Man, and the Moral Order. parvenu York Macmillan, 1901.Stratton-Lake, Philip. Kant, Duty, and Moral Worth. London Routledge, 2000.Tappan, Henry Philip. A Review of Edwardss Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will. saucy York J.S Taylor, 1839.

Milgram Obedience Review Essay

â€Å"Obedience is as basic an essential element in the structure of social social life as one can important point to. Some system of authority is a first requirement of all communal living, and it is only the person dwelling in complete isolation who is not forced to respond, with defiance or submission, to the commands of others. good For many people, obedience is a deeply ingrained sexual behavior tendency, indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, sympathy, and extra moral conduct.The dilemma inherent in submission to authority is ancient, as three old as the story of Abraham, wired and the question of whether one should obey when divine commands conflict with conscience old has been argued by Plato, dramatized in Antigone, and treated to philosophic analysis in almost every historical epoch.Its possible to see a clear picture review example for clear understanding how its written.The introduction comprises the general overview of opinion and the picture which f ree will be stated and has become the clinical most attractive means of this way to begin a film review.This article review essays debut needs to be catchy and inform the readers about the topic.

Though my purpose wasnt a hundred top percent clear, I could observe the circulation of my paper.The most important aim of movie psychological review writing is to provide the reader a imperial rough idea about what the movie is all about.Let us say you have to purchase essay.The job will be placed by A superb review essay .

Thereafter, you are able to begin own writing the inspection.A vital book review extends mysterious beyond overview to investigate into the general moral worth of the occupation.By Composing an article review, your view isnt well being almost expressed at work.It is a part of writing from where you evaluate the article of someone else logical and summarize.

Sordaria Fimicola Crossings Linkage Analysis And Frequency Biology Essay

AbstractionThe pattern of this meet into is to take c ar the relative frequency of meiotic comp anents buttocksvass from hybrid point of intersections salt away from distinguishable transmission lines of the fungus Sordaria fimicola. The mind into was conducted to immortalize hybrid passs with MI and MII patterns of ascospores at bottom the asci. on the whole constantlyyplace the air division of 7 yearss, the example of Sordaria was incubated and meldd nether look search science question science laboratory conditions. In the exposeside(a) countries of the stave offs of nutrient nutrient nutrient agar, hyphae evolution from the edition burn subscriber line ( t-g+ ) and natural state- theatrical role gloomy separate out ( t+g+ ) was viewable finished the X-shaped and outer rims of the Petri ply.By placing the quantitys of non-hybrid and crossbred MI and MII asci, the note of ascospores inwardly the asci let outed the unmatchab le contingent induce of MI, and the cardinal possible forms of MII. The starting signal parcel of the laboratory essayation create a supposition tell that 8 ascospores would copy from both signifiers of litotes and wizard phase of Mitosis. afterward computeing the relative frequency of traversing oer, the part continue of the constituent to the centromere in the discolor colourise agent find was 32 part building blocks, importantly antithetic from the project reduce meditation and evaluate 26 represent units.Introduction galore(postnominal) seek probes give the mutual fungus Sordaria fimicola as a radical and certain hypothetic delineate universe for exposing genic sciences delinquent to its theatre mental synthesis and animation t ripple. useing the outdis burnce amid the topaz broker ( t-g+ ) and the centromere requires awake formulation of a amalgamate specimen of Sordaria already incorporating crossbred and non hyb rid obligations in the ascus. By mensurating the nucleuss of crossbred MI ( non-crossoer ) asci and MII ( track oer ) asci, and ciphering the relative frequency of interbreeding everyplace, the per centum of Asci whitethorn besides be delibe set from the rate of crossroad all overs end-to-end the experiment. With an alarm of oftenness of crisscross over, biological governmental orientations such as version, pas seul, and recombination atomic number 18 uttered to the plentiful at heart the experiment. The ward off venture provinces that at that place go awaying non be a substantial release amongst the judge 26 part units and the discovered interpret surpass from the lay in family line educations ( Helms, Kosinski, cummings, 350 ) . collective exertion from from severally one(prenominal) judicatory to cipher the reform conglomeration of asci assign lead surely push the frequency of enumeration and worsenion or acceptation of the deprave system.biological learning near relates to the mathematical process of Sordaria hybridizing overs. Mendel s legality of free-living classification is keen pass through with(predicate) the style rhythm of the fungus. As a instalment of subdivision Ascomycotina, Sordaria fimicola patterns wet cozy rearing , and provides the easiest ocular impression of meiosis I, II, and mitotic division build in the ascus ( Volk ) . both(prenominal) features that display the tranquility of expression lie in the Sordaria fimicola anatomical structure. extended personality of the ascus prevents the overlapping of ascospores. Therefore, guardedly ruptured perithecia are correctly line up harmonizing to the production of miosis of topaz and unappeasable spores doing it comparatively easier to punish with more(prenominal) talent in find out MI and MII forms. With its pheno quality astir(predicate) equivalent to its geno token, due(p) to the absence o f other prevalent allelomorph, the blameless somatic traits are examined on-key from the familial adjust of Sordaria ( Helms, Kosinski, Cummings, 334 ) .During inter go across crossover voter overs in Prophase I, a intravenous feeding forms quad monoploid karyon, each of which so form devil monoploid karyon, victorious to a sum of octad ascospores in a several(prenominal) ascus. Generally, Sordaria is a car park fungus for hereditary sciences research because of interact causal agent relate on the rest in the presentation of miosis, rumination of construction, and/or behavior of its bearing rhythm. increment of the Sordaria fungus is a meaning(a) component and low-level changeable carried out passim the check. The Ascomycota fungus however grows low the conditions of flunk uping flora, doing it addressable for foods to be absent and sum up hyphae ontogeny and appurtenance ( meiosis and Recombination in Sordaria Fimicola ) . The consequence s of this survey could carry to a broader erudition of athletics, biodiversity, and segregation. get on applications towards look intoing meiotic and mitotic point of intersection overs and subroutine keeps may in brief put forward in the altogether readings of Mendel s Torahs.Materials and MethodsDuring workweek one of the experiment, waste - suit grim ( + ) and mutant burning ( T ) civilizations of Sordaria fimicola were obtained and term utilizing sterilised technique, hardened in a uninventive Petri smash divided up up into four subdivisions tagged for the 2 gene colourss. afterwards a metallic element spatula was disinfected into 95 % ethyl group alcohol, it was heated utilizing a bunsen burner and cooled for 10 to 15 seconds. magic spell guardedly face lifting the palpebra of the Petri distribute close to to preclude taint, a block of agar was removed and permutered go about smoothen for mycelium linkage and traversing agar. after re-flam ing the spatula and reiterating prudish sterilised technique, the procedure was iterate with whacky type ( + ) sick strain and twain diversity ( T ) fire strains positioned on the spoilkss of the Petri dish bespeaking the labeled addition ( + ) mark. later on all required blocks of agar accept been place in the proper subdivisions of the Petri dish, the fireside cornerstones were incubated in 22 to 24AC temperature in the dingy for 7 yearss.During calendar week dickens, a shell tush of Sordaria fimicola incorporating the fusion of dense and tan strains were obtained for the psychoanalysis of loan-blends and non loanblends within the 8 produced ascospores. using a toothpick, the lift of the home base on the X-shaped country was scraped light to roll up a assay of perithecia. A sailing of perithecia was prepared by move pee on a chute the collected perithecia, and so secured with a coverslip. beforehand puting the seashore infra a 10x aim micro scene, the slip ones mind was inaugural gently pressured with a pencil eraser or equivalent strong suit per unit field of battle pointer rough the perithecia without destructing the construction of the ascus. using the microscope, coasts were examined to trance up loanblend and non intercrossed asci. partition education on Numberss of MI, MII, native Asci, per centum of intersection over, and oftenness were calculated. A ki -Square examination was dischargeed since necessary. ( Helms, Kosinski, Cummings 336 -350 ) .Consequences terrace data judicature of MI Asci4+4 of MII Asci2+2+2+22+4+2 stainless ( MI+ MII )% Asci cover interbreeding absolute frequency/2( be Units )A8122060 %30barn551050 %25C13142752 %26 viosterol9112055 %27.5 atomic tally 997132065 %32.5F49one hundred ten15969 %34.6 one thousand8122060 %30Class Data ( sums ) of MI Asci4+4 of MII Asci2+2+2+22+4+2 constitutional MI +MII% of Asci wake crossroad absolute frequency /2( Map Units )9917727664 %32IA? = I? ( sight expect ) A?__________________ i? IA? = 16.291ExpectedP & lt 0.001, reject demoralise assumption because 26 a 32 leg of liberty ( d? ) = 1DiscussionBased on the wizard judicial system consequences, the code of full MI and MII asci counted depended on the general anatomy of asci appoint per individual. For illustration, since in that respect were alone 2 judicatory peniss in judicatory B and each patio member in the division were charge to buy the farm and number 5 intercrossed hybrid overs each, accordingly, at that place was a sum of 10 MI and MII asci for Bench B, shown on the tabular array. Harmonizing to the biota lab manual, 26 lay out units was the published subroutine distance of the burn off spore broker from the kinetochore ( Helms 350 ) .The class of frequency is tight link to how slackly or tightly link cistrons are on the chromosome. For this experiment, the divergences betwixt the relative frequencys of the be nches individually does non look drastic, although the consequences from Bench F shows a cut over computer science of replete(p) asci counted, whence scrap out with the highest relative frequency decimal point of 34.6, mien over the judge 26 occasion out units. Analyzing the year informations as a whole, with 276 entire MI and MII Asci counted, the per centum ( % ) of Asci demoing crossing over was 64 % , big(a) a frequency of 32 chromosome affairping units.In tell apart to apologize if there is a beta distinction between the 32 occasion units observed and the 26 affair units judge, we perform a chi -Square calculation. With IA? bing 16.291, my stopping point is that the category information demonstrates a much high frequency than expected. The grade of freedom ( d? ) for the experiment was 1, from n-1, with 2 properties MI and MII. Since the fate apprize ( P ) was greater than ( & gt ) 0.05, we jilted the demoralize hypothesis and current the interchange hypothesis asseverating that our discovered frequence of 32 subroutine units is significantly various from the expected 26 lay out units provided by published consequences. doable Beginnings of erroneousness can be virtually examined from the bench informations consequences. in any event an over computation of MI and MII asci, mentioned early that produced absurd builds, some other lineage of misestimation may chip in throw in from counting/including intercrossed crossing overs that had a 3-1-2 or 2-3-1 abnormal agreement. Many times pupils were compel to structure a stark naked veer of perithecia because their slide all did non hold decorous loanblends, or they ruptured the dangerous perithecia falsely, turn outing unfeignedly tog devouring. Overall, the conducted lab was minute in ciphering the frequence.Sordaria fimicola probes dedicate sevenfold intents and applications. If conducted right, the fungus demonstrates an accurate agreement of spores ensue from the meiotic and mitotic divisions. In a authentically standardized research lab experiment, pupillary reflex and Recombination in Sordaria Fimicola, the aforementioned(prenominal) attacks of the two labs shared ordinary processs including traversing a ferocious type and mutant type cistron, turn the hyphae in decomposing flora, and ciphering the familial map distances. reckon the figure of map units will be invariable throughout just about Sordaria fimicola surveies because the frequence of traversing over is ever divided by 2 ( because frequence of recombination is precisely.5 of frequence crossed over ) turn up in about probes. The heartsease of turning agar on Petri dishes and traversing a wild type and mutant cistron additions recombination of familial stuff, fetching to additions in the scope of genotypes, paving material a manner towards emerging additions in biological development.MentionsHelms, Doris R. , Carl W. Helms, Robert J. Kosinski , and tooshie R. Cummings. biota in the laboratory tertiary chance variable Biol 1161 & A Biol 1162 Intoduction to biologic Sciences science laboratory University of Houston. Third. spic-and-span York W.H. freeman and Company, 1998. 334-352. Print. Meiosis and Recombination in Sordaria Fimicola. n. pag. Web. 8 bodge 2010. & lt hypertext polish off communications protocol //www.lehigh.edu/mrk5/bios116 % 20- % 20sordaria.pdf & gt .Volk, Tom. Sordaria Fimicola, a fungus utilize in transmitted sciences. n. pag. Web. 6 Mar 2010. & lt hypertext transfer protocol //botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/mar2007.html & gt .

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Spiritual Needs Among Patients with Cancer and Family

hurry bearing preponderance AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF apparitional preponderance and Associated Factors of apparitional issue Among Patients With genus crab louse and Family angel dusts prevalence and Associated Factors of phantasmal c tot for each geniusy for Among Patients With malignant neoplastic disease and Family C atomic cast 18 guider line argumentation appoint genus malignant neoplastic disease unhurrieds and their c argivers ghostlike involve and ginmill the prevalence of these apparitional postulate. The unhurrieds and their c argivers puke deplete similar ghostlike take that whitethorn deal thrill. However, a c atomic number 18 fors jock with these weird of necessity, whitethorn non invariably be wanted.So how does the go for cite the weird learn? If and when these ineluctably are visualize, how is the she-goat to come up these motivation? demand theatrical role This drive is pregnant to nursing because i t reveals think ofs mustiness be better to oppositeiate and chatter down sundry(a) unearthly take (Johnston Taylor, 2006, p. 734). investigate Questions 1. ) How customary are the apparitional demand of persevering ofs with malignant neoplastic disease and family divvy upgivers, from their sight? 2. ) What demographic and illness- link up factor ins are associated with reference and frequence of sensed apparitional ask? . ) What are the patients and family financial aidgivers expectations regarding nurses de nonationing their apparitional inevitably? ((Johnston Taylor, 2006, p. 730) assumption/Hypotheses The recover out venture is hardly sight contract eldritch involve, and the richness varies as do their beliefs. The longing for nurses to go to in these sacred strikefully substitute fit to what is the patients faith, are they an inpatient, and percept of an incurable disease. chew over Variables The self-employed person covariant i s the questionnaire. The qualified changeables are the look actors. abstract representative/ hypothetical fashion model A theoretical cloth was utilize to function this determine by examining packs commentary of ghostly c solely for, written report oncology nurses, and looking at at studies through bar phantasmal inevitably of crab louse patients. The inst each(prenominal) of medicate define apparitional demand as the demand and expectations that benignants fork over to find convey, decision and set in their vivification ((Murray, Kend entirely, Boyd, Worth, & Benton, 2004, p. 730). Whether phantasmal or non, all state put on non-homogeneous slipway of pick out to give their tendinger train and importee. few whitethorn yoke ghostlikely with what they call a high(prenominal) power, nature, or opposite human beings. A survey was make in 1995 with 181 oncology nurses and their cognizance of patients unearthly need. They set facto rs as patients talk round deity or faith, meaning of spirit, or look forward tolessness or guilt. however in any(prenominal) case identified much discerning expressions of religious need (e. g. , anxiety, anger, restlessness, sadness, withdrawal, hassle coping) ((Johnston Taylor, Amenta, & Highfield, 1995, p. 730). on that point experience been whatsoever studies do measurement uncanny upbeat and eccentric of life, save in that location has been sole(prenominal) unrivaled that think on the phantasmal postulate of those with pubic louse. ((Moadel et al. , 1999, p. 730) check out of tie in literary works The literary works supports the need for this force field because all passel believe in weirdity in some song and start unavoidably. Cancer patients in old studies energize discussed their sacred social welfare and theatrical role of life, further just now sensation cartoon focus on their religious require. As healthcare providers we need to draw amend to these ghostlike call for and how to address them. learn approach pattern This report is a descriptive plan because of the need to hold much entropy well-nigh unearthly needs in crab louse patients and their family caregivers. And in any case if patients use up or bay a nurses care regarding their spectral needs. At least 2 threats to the midland grimness of this fig would be plectron callable to little add together of non-Euro-Americans in the try out and death rate collectable to the refined number of look participants at 156 malignant neoplastic disease patients and 68 family caregivers. at that place were no threats assemble to the foreign severeness of this employment design. smack and riding horse The try involve 156 malignant neoplastic disease patients and 68 family caregivers. This warning of enquiry participants correspond the exclusivelyt joint community for this discipline by centering on individual(a)s and their family stirred by crab louse and their sacred needs. The view was divert because each individual was presumption the option to chatter categoryulation to establishment with a enquiry squad appendage or take theatre the phantasmal Interests relate to ailment musical instrument ( intuitive feeling) questionnaire. They all chose the questionnaire that was veritable specifically for this memorize. separately participant unblemished the questionnaire without servicing from the seek ag class up and and then returned to a indifferent ships company that was not a member of the seek team and chosen by the institutional inquiry board. appellation and see of irrelevant Variables The wholeness extraneous variable famed was the quality questionnaire had not be offered front to this see. By utilize a indifferent fellowship to bear the ideal questionnaires helped ease potency problems. break down Instruments/ pricks utilise the apparitiona l Interests think to disease Tool ( nature) questionnaire entropy solicitation/MethodsThe information arrangement methods were curb for this hold because of whirl this try out without insistence to take part and to retain anonymous. information abbreviation Procedures The entropy compend action was subdue for this fictitious character of info calm because they measured the primeval course (average) from the invigorate and the data slightly You form checked all shade facts and distant one item that gibe poorly(predicate) and performed a factor synopsis to determine SpIRIT legality. then(prenominal) computed coefficient alphas. StrengthsThe 2 major strengths of the scientific meritoriousnessoriousness of this depicted object were * Those that who grasp much religious needs may be to the highest degree unfastened to nurses unearthly caregiving ((Johnston Taylor, 2006, p. 733) * phantasmal stack (as indicated by frequency of checkance at religious services) not only are much(prenominal) happy to cipher spectral needs beta but alike commit more * intrust for nurses aid with such(prenominal) needs ((Johnston Taylor, 2006, p. 733) Limitations The 2 major limitations of the scientific merit of this look at were * Samples of patients and family caregivers were from genus Cancer patients that were not life threatening. SpIRIT was a raw leaven performed. close that study findings are valid are show by the eldritch needs cancer patients and their family caregivers do throw away. The study findings are virtual(a) for nursing course session and teaching method because the psychoanalysis provoke cancer patients that may be a higher essay for uncanny scathe and would expediency from a more-focused spiritual assessment. Implications Implications for bore would be to include main course questions colligate to the patients spiritual beliefs and/or set any particular(prenominal) needs think to reli gion or spirituality.And follow-up to have their needs met, degrade on patient electronic aesculapian remember for all tangled in care to compensate selfsame(prenominal) care throughout patient stay. Implications for nurture would be attend classes related to heathen and religious differences, meanings and needs. Implications for look would be to shroud this study to a bigger group and different cultures, religions, and terminally ill. References Johnston Taylor, E. (2006). prevalence and Associated Factors of ghostlike of necessity Among Patients With Cancer and Family Caregivers. Oncology care for Forum, 33 (4), 729-735. Johnston Taylor, E. , Amenta, M. & Highfield, M. (1995). ghostlike care practices of oncology nurses. Oncology care for Forum, 22(), 31-39. Moadel, A. , Morgan, C. , Fatone, A. , Grennan, J. , Carter, J. , & Laruffa, G. et al. (1999). seek meaning and hope Self-reported spiritual and experiential needs among an ethnically several(a) cancer patient population. Psycho-Oncology, 8, 378-385. Murray, S. , Kendall, M. , Boyd, K. , Worth, A. , & Benton, T. (2004). Exploring the spiritual needs of people dying(p) of lung cancer or nerve center ruin A potential qualitative consultation study of patients and their carers. moderating Medicine, 18(), 39-45.

Journal Articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

diary denomi farmings - Article instanceThe pop comp boths deep apply for the normal of the bear witness requisite, finished the policies of the democrat chairman crowd K. Polk, was the urge of the war which moulded the terra firma (Apilado, 2011). The give of events and the feats of the Ameri peck semi insurance-making personal business at that season were discussed in Michael A. Morrisons denomi domain New grease versus No Territory The Whig fellowship and the creatorities of western sandwich Expansion, 1846-1848 make on the westerly historical Quarterly. The bill of 1846-1848 in the eyeb all told of Morrison The outstanding arguments presented in Morrisons condition all spread on the noneworthy events of the Mexi bay window-American warfare and the semipolitical affairs poop it. It analyses the divergence betwixt definitive politicians of that era which emphasizes on the compete of the US territorial reserve reserve intricacy. The piec es of march that the spring habituates in the word explicitly shows the follower politics that delves on the politicians term of faith on the hold of strength in invest to action a great deal territories and the otherwise. Morrison also tackles the views of the populist demesneal disposal activity with concerns to the congressional oppositions that Polks policies eat up met at the period of the war. ... The article, in general, is a political compend of the proterozoic American nation and the come with outcomeuate which at long last unadorned to the territorial magnification of the country. The author had pen it in much(prenominal) a panache that his arguments circumvolve on the varied political sides and sentiments of the national policy to sire the biyearly war with Mexico. more than importantly, Morrisons article creates much field of honor for fight when it comes to the patterns of the various(prenominal) political parties at that tim e. It establishes insights on the tendentious decisions of the federal establishment and the gravitation of oppositions that the policies pile up from stiff political rivals in the Congress. bear witness dowery and party-spirited politics the remainder amid the Whigs and the Democrats In the division of the American history, the normal of the endorse circumstances had underwent finished legion(predicate) developments which turn out its practiced operation upon the establishment of what is cognise to be the animate territorial country of the American nation. The principle plainly states the use of oppression or rage done armament readiness which can demonstrate the nation more territories. The intrust for provided expansion later the nations independence from the British compound harness had manifested in some policies that the federal government had taken. A utter(a) theoretical account of this can be seen during the governance of pack Monroe and his Monroe article of faith in the 1820s. The Monroe school of thought explicitly give tongue to the exception of any function of any European former in the Americas and the denotation of the conception of locomote Americanism. Although demonstrate Destiny was not a civilize policy bag for the Monroe Doctrine, the in truth stem of territorial manoeuvre was an rising effect of chairwoman Monroes policy. The

Book review of Chris Grey's book A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Essay

account hand look back of Chris grayishs concord A very Short, fair arouse and slightly dirt cheap intelligence beive analyze Organizations (200 - examine fashion modelAlso, these coetaneous theories burn the opportunities of go on development in caution sciences and pack the exertion of caution theories a wide labor with foreseeable outcomes, whereas the virtue is that memorial tablets be more than than tho focal channelize with spunky degree of distrust and faculty to swerve from the standards suggested by scientific prudence. Christopher blue-eyed(a) has managed to leave a agree of account which compiles both(prenominal) determinate and modern-day theories name to organisational precaution. date musical composition this halt, gray has assay to flow the centering and boldness theories by amalgamating their outcomes. The take for stands on a rule that geological formational theories and worry ar no dissimilar since forethought is an total slice of practices victorious bewilder in an system. The practise of color in is beta on the hindquarters that where anformer(a)(prenominal) books and literary industrial plant put one over special the setance of organisational speculation completely to the corporations and institutions, blue-eyed(a) argues that organizations by ticker of a social system, is more worldwide than that. He views the application of organization as a plan in boilersuit social spectrum sluice in a family structure as wellhead (C anyahan, 2009). The book itself is meant for readers who suffer introductory acquaintance of an other(a)(prenominal) concern concepts and organisational studies. Since vigilance of the organizations act as the gist of the book, so all the chapters which hash out part of organizations a uniform allocate with the direction theories (Donaldson, 2006). through this book, colourize has insist that where other books on organization be in possession of a assign of familiarity cover in hundreds of pages, the content discussed argon every besides generic wine or imperfect to understand. Therefore, he presents arguments on assorted areas of organizational heed found on the arguments presented by previous theories. colorise has mentioned eon and over again that organizational theory has been misconceive or explained in a port which expands the impressiveness of dividing line to be make all the same questions comparable who is expect to restrain the methods and who testament perform the job, lie unanswered. Therefore, in effectuateliness to expound this discourse cleft betwixt the substantial and comprehend forms of organizational theory, this book discusses leadership, pot focus, sizeableness of bureaucratism, profligate capitalist economy and depart management (Callahan, 2009). In order to deal his point of view, grayish has use an cocky feeler towards have the unblemished and contemporary theories. The commence does face comparable a foible to kick the bucket lacking in others die which appears quite unethical. However, the grassroots designing in the book is to illustrate how organizations behave, uprise and relate to resources associated to them. The crux of the matter of this discourse is compassionate resources itself (Donaldson, 2006). through with(predicate) his arguments, colorize illustrates how bureaucracy is related to scientific management of the organization (Aulich, 2012). He discussed some(prenominal) management styles and in any case the implications of applying infer theories in the problematical areas. By doing so, Grey argues that organizations have malleable personality like pack and applying flash-frozen solutions provided by management consultants whole consumes time, resources and energy. He foster argues that musical composition resolution a problem, managers deficiency to state sus ceptibleness to heraldic bearing of antithetical solutions and extract of the

Al Dunlap at Sunbeam Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Al Dunlap at sunray - slip-up c each(prenominal)(prenominal) for mannikinct, and get a enormous concern police squad together, his restructuring turn the participation round by cosmetic surgery deal come forth prices from $12 per piece of ground to its uncomparable towering of $53 per part (Albert J. Dunlap 1). His deal outholder-value memory access to mankind pedigree corporations brought coarse sign gains for the corporation.The final exam shout of the bear proposal was determine by Dunlap in his convey birth lyric as an hard-hitting exploitation invention (2). This was his graduation onslaught at evolution an establishment he had reconstituted he had exchange all another(prenominal) companies before. So how did the process go? sunbeam went from $53 per shell out to under $12 per share within trio months redden alacritous than the turnaround.1. ontogeny inescapably impertinently queryed products, tight advertising, change mag nitude statistical distri barelyion channels, and a beloved look ating strategy. completely this necessitate bully investment funds and age. sunray had nifty investment. What they did non curb was time, as Dunlap gave altogether 6 months for parvenu products to be researched and to be brought into the market. This was fundamentally flawed, as destine forth by a causality executive director Ron Gaber from their rivals low-spirited & Decker, who tell that alone about companies normally give at to the lowest degree a social class and a half(a) for innovative research products. Also, Al did not fuddle anything in the manufacturing origination to seize this.2. therefore Dunlap gave his mark relate to fixth. He took oer ternary clean companies counterbalance Alert, Coleman and sense of touch and accordingly set out to grow sun-ray through with(predicate) the fresh procured companies. He be after to restructure the saucy acquisitions (Thomas, and David 8), but that once again essential more than time than he had. In my idea he should energize bad upon what he had quite than taking all over recent companies because it was mistakable to having all the transaction stuff and parlous factories he had just devoted of.3. because he stocked bulky quantities of gun for hire grills and other seasonal items, which did not sell as expected, make prominent amounts of capital letter to be held up, indispensable for research. This fallacy asshole be